Pancen angel mbayangake urip kita tanpa kertu kredit. Sanajan sadurunge mlebu Internet, udakara 60% warga diwasa ing negara kasebut duwe paling ora siji kertu kredit. Saiki, kertu kredit uga digunakake kanggo tuku online lan panjaluk kanggo kertu wis tambah nganti meh kabeh wong duwe siji kertu kredit utawa luwih.
Transaksi sing mbayar nganggo kertu kredit iku umume, kalebu ing "dunia nyata" (ing ngendi sampeyan uga bisa mbayar kanthi awis, kadang uga kanthi mriksa utawa uga transfer bank) lan ing toko online (ing endi asring sampeyan uga bisa mbayar nganggo PayPal lan kadang nganggo bitcoin - mata uang digital sing paling populer).
Supaya proses nampa pembayaran saka pelanggan paling efektif, lan mesthi nalika sampeyan adol produk lan layanan liwat pambusakan pembayaran kertu kredit kanthi online, penting banget kanggo ngerti kepiye cara kerja lan ngerti istilah sing digunakake ing lapangan iki. Kiriman iki minangka kasempatan kanggo entuk kawruh lengkap babagan pembayaran nganggo kertu kredit, ing kene sampeyan bakal nemokake koleksi kabeh informasi sing dibutuhake.
Apa sejatine Kertu Kredit?
Kita kabeh nggunakake lan ngerti yen cara pembayaran sing trep lan uga bisa mbayar cicilan sajrone pirang-pirang wulan, kadhang luwih saka 12, 24 utawa malah 36 pembayaran saben wulan. Kasunyatan manawa dheweke wis dadi konvensional pancen dadi sebab sampeyan kudu luwih ngerti babagan dheweke - saka ngendi, apa sing bisa ditindakake saiki, lan apa sing bakal ditindakake ing mangsa ngarep.
Wiwit awal abad rong puloh, para pedagang digunakake kanggo menehi kredit kanggo pelanggan biasa. Barang-barang wis berkembang alon-alon saka kertu karton sing diterbitake toko lan perusahaan gedhe sing mung dihormati karo papan bisnis sing nerbitake, nganti taun 1940-an lan 1950-an nalika bank-bank AS nawakake kertu menyang para pelanggan supaya bisa digunakake kanggo pambayaran ing bisnis lokal. Pedagang banjur ngirim panjaluk kanggo mbayar bank; bank banjur mbayar lan ngrampungake akun karo para klien kanthi nyuda pembayaran saka saldo rekening bank. Mung ing taun 1961, ana kertu plastik sing katon kaya sing wis dingerteni. Kertu Diners Club sing digunakake kanggo mbayar produk lan layanan sing gegandhengan karo lelungan lan rekreasi. American Express uga cepet nerbitake kertu plastik.
Kertu kredit kuno kasebut dioperasikake kanthi prinsip lingkaran sing ditutup yaiku pembeli, pihak sing adol lan perusahaan kertu kredit. Wiwitane pelanggan kudu mbayar jumlah lengkap sing kasedhiya dening perusahaan kertu kredit ing pungkasan saben wulan; nanging rauh perusahaan kertu kredit wiwit ngidini mbayar cicilan.
Ing taun 1970-an Visa lan MasterCard katon. Perusahaan kertu kredit gedhe sing bank lan institusi liyane bisa nggawe kesepakatan lan menehi kertu menyang pelanggan bank. Transaksi kasebut banjur dadi luwih rumit amarga saiki kalebu klien, pedagang, perusahaan kredit lan bank (bank klien lan bank pedagang). Wiwitane informasi sing dibutuhake kanggo transaksi (jeneng pemegang kertu, nomer rekening bank, nomer kertu lan tanggal kadaluwarsa) ditempelake ing kertu kanthi huruf lan angka sing diangkat. Wiwit panemuan garis magnetik informasi kasebut disimpen ing garis kasebut, lan amarga komunikasi komputer wis cukup berkembang, bisa uga mindai informasi saka garis magnetik, ngirimake kanthi nyata wektu kanggo disetujoni, lan nglakokake transaksi miturut syarat sing disepakati karo saudagar, sing duwe kertu kredit lan perusahaan kertu kredit. Dina-dina iki, perusahaan kertu kredit pindhah menyang "kertu cerdas" sing ngemot chip kanggo maca elektronik miturut standar EMV (Europay Mastercard Visa).
Mbusak sapisan dibandhingake karo wewenang kanggo nindakake reresik bola-bali
Umume pembayaran kertu kredit ditindakake kanthi proses pambukaan siji, sanajan jumlah kasebut dipérang dadi cicilan. Ing sawetara transaksi, sing duwe kertu setuju yen rincian kertu kredit bakal disimpen lan bisnis bakal nindakake siji utawa sawetara tumindak ngresiki tambahan, mbesuk, iku miturut kahanan sing wis disepakati sadurunge.
Mbusak bola-bali umume nalika ana, kayata, biaya langganan saben wulan. Hak nggunakake layanan diwenehake sajrone pambayaran saben wulan terus digawe kanthi otomatis; yen sing duwe kertu menehi instruksi supaya ora diterusake, mula langganan ora dianyarake. Model pembayaran sing bola-bali diarani SaaS (Software minangka Layanan) amarga cocog banget kanggo nggunakake piranti lunak terus-terusan; panggunaan diaktifake anggere biaya langganan terus dibayar.
Syarat Dhasar saka Jinis Kliring Kartu Kredit
Yen sampeyan pengin ngerti proses, teknologi, alat, produk lan layanan sing ana gandhengane karo panggunaan kertu kredit, sampeyan kudu ngerti istilah sing digunakake ing lapangan iki.
Kita nglumpukake dhaptar istilah kaya ngono kanthi panjelasan singkat babagan saben wong.
- Credit cards, Charge cards, Debit cards – in Israel people refer to any plastic card that is used for payment as a “credit card”, but in English, a distinction is made between Credit, Debit and Charge cards.In fact, only Credit Cards are actual credit cards which enable deferring and/or spreading payments. By using a Debit Card, the payment amount is immediately withdrawn from the bank account balance, while the payment with a Charge Card is deducted at the end of the month (all payments made with the Charge Card during the month are deducted as one lump sum, at once, at the end of that same month).
- Asosiasi Kertu - iki intine perusahaan kertu kredit, sawijining organisasi sing kalebu sawetara institusi finansial, sing adol layanane menyang bank kanthi cara bank bisa ngetokake kertu kredit marang para pelanggan atas jenenge organisasi kasebut. Perusahaan kertu kredit paling gedhe ing donya yaiku Visa, American express, Diners, Discover, MasterCard, JCB (Japan Credit Bureau), Europay lan liya-liyane.
- International Clearing – in the past, making business transactions with individuals and organizations from other countries was a complex matter, because of the need to transfer payment from a bank account in one country to an account which is managed in a different currency, in a different country. To make a purchase in an online store that is not local, you need to use an international credit card (all major credit card companies issue such cards), the same type that you would take with you when traveling abroad in order to perform payments and withdraw money from ATMs there. The international clearing itself is performed in a similar manner to local clearing, except that the services of an international clearing service provider need to be used (such as CreditGuard). The issue of using different currencies is solved by converting the currency at an exchange rate which is agreed by both banks involved in the transaction, as well as the credit card company and the clearing service company.
- Token – one of the biggest problems associated with online clearing of credit cards is the need to encrypt the data so it would not fall into the hands of criminal elements that could use it to steal money from bank accounts of cardholders (note that in such cases, the credit card company almost always takes responsibility and compensates those whose credit card was used unlawfully). There are two methods to protect sensitive credit card details; one method is encryption and the other is called “Tokenization”.Through the Tokenization method, the credit card information is replaced with a “Token” which is formed randomly (not by an algorithm as with encryption) so that the real information is never stored on the servers of the business which receives the payment. Companies that provide online clearing services of credit cards must comply with stringent data security standards – the PCI (Payment Card Industry) standard and the DSS (Data Security Standard Card) standard.
- Routing Pembayaran - kanggo transaksi online sing pembayaran dibayar kanthi ngresiki kertu kredit, kudu ana cara kanggo mindhah dhuwit sing dibayar saka rekening bank pelanggan menyang akun bank saudagar. Asring ora ana cara langsung kanggo nindakake, mula ing kasus kaya ngono, panyedhiya layanan ngresiki kudu ngirim pembayaran liwat institusi finansial tambahan supaya bisa ngrampungake transaksi kasebut.
- Mbusak minangka Lengganan - nalika pengin tuku lengganan kanggo layanan tartamtu, sampeyan bisa mbayar biaya langganan sadurunge kanggo periode sing wis ditemtokake; ing pungkasan periode ngresiki kudu ditindakake maneh kanggo nganyari langganan kanggo periode tambahan lan liya-liyane. Nggunakake model kliring pembaruan wis diwiwiti kanggo ngirit upaya lan nyuda biaya; kertu kredit kudu diilangi kanthi otomatis bola-bali (kanggo kaping winates utawa tanpa watesan), saben wektu langganan rampung, lan terus yen pelanggan ora menehi kabar yen dheweke pengin mungkasi.
- Kertu Kredit Internasional / Domestik - saben perusahaan kertu kredit ngetokake macem-macem jinis kertu. Kanthi cara iki, pelanggan bisa milih ing antarane kertu lan kertu "dhasar" sing ngidini opsi luwih akeh. Perusahaan kertu kredit biasane menehi jeneng promosi sing luwih bergengsi, kayata "Platinum Card", "Gold", "Premium", "Business", lan liya-liyane. Salah sawijining prabédan paling signifikan yaiku ing antarane kertu sing mung bisa digunakake ing negara panggonan lan kertu kredit sing bisa digunakake ing internasional. Nyekel kertu kredit domestik bisa uga regane luwih murah, kajaba manawa kertu kredit internasional digunakake kanthi ukuran kaya ngono pelanggan entuk bea saka mbayar biaya lan biaya anggota.
- CVV – anyone paying by credit card without physically handing the card, is required from time to time to give or to enter in addition the “three-digit number on the back of the card” (there are cards, like American Express, for example, where it is actually four digits).These digits are the CVV – Card Verification Value, sometimes also called CSC- Card Security Code, CVD- Card Verification Data, CVN- Card Verification Number, V-Code, CVC- Card Verification Code, SPC- Signature Panel Code and more. The purpose of the CVV is to reduce the risk of unauthorized use of the card in transactions which are managed remotely (the use of card information for payment without the knowledge and consent of the cardholder). In online clearing or clearing which is done over the phone, the card is not physically given for clearing. The code is printed in numbers on the plastic card itself, so presumably only the person physically holding the card would be able to give these numbers.
- Tanggal Kadaluwarsa Kertu Kredit – every credit card’s validity is limited in time. Normally a credit card would be valid for a period of four or five years from the date it was issued. A credit card can be renewed before it expires. Most banks renew the validity of their customers’ cards automatically.
Nggunakake Kertu Kredit
Ing proses ngresiki, informasi sing digunakake kalebu nomer kertu, nomer rekening bank, tanggal kadaluwarsa kertu, lan kadang uga kode CVV. Sejatine, ngluwihi kasunyatan sing jelas manawa kertu kasebut kudu valid kanggo digunakake, data tanggal kadaluwarsa uga nduweni peran kanggo keamanan proses pambukaan.
Salah sawijining tantangan panyedhiya layanan ngresiki online sing kudu ditindakake yaiku nyediakake solusi kanggo wong-wong sing nindakake ngresiki kertu nalika validitas kertu kasebut kadaluwarsa. Contone, ing kasus mbusak pambayaran langganan saben wulan utawa akun debit langsung nganggo kertu kredit. Ing kasus kaya ngono, sampeyan kudu otomatis mindhah wewenang mbusak saka kertu sing kadaluwarsa menyang kertu anyar. Amarga data tanggal kedaluwarsa dadi bagean kanggo keamanan pambukaan, dadi dudu masalah sepele. Dina iki, ana solusi teknis sing kasedhiya kanggo nganyari maneh otorisasi kanthi otomatis ing kahanan nalika pelanggan ora pengin mungkasi pembayaran nganggo kertu, nanging validitas kertu lawas wis kadaluwarsa, mula ditokake kertu kanthi tanggal validitas sing luwih lengkap ( kertu bisa uga duwe nomer sing padha utawa nomer anyar, gumantung karo prosedur bank lan perusahaan kertu kredit).
- Penipuan - tegese tembung kasebut yaiku "ngapusi" utawa "scam". Ing konteks kertu kredit, tegese nggunakake kertu tanpa ngerti lan idin saka pihak sing duwe, mula nyatane nyolong dhuwit saka rekening bank sing duwe kertu. Ing kasus paling umum, sing dadi korban penipuan kertu kredit kanthi nggunakake informasi kertu kredit sing ora sah bisa entuk pengembalian dana saka perusahaan kertu kredit. Perusahaan kertu kredit njupuk masalah keamanan kanthi serius, lan ngoperasikake macem-macem mekanisme Anti-Fraud sing dirancang kanggo ngatasi penipuan, nalika prédhiksi transaksi sadurunge bisa uga bermasalah. Ana industri sing luwih beboyo, lan klasifikasi sing diwenehake dening perusahaan kertu kredit kanggo jinis bisnis (kayata penerbitan web, ritel, lan liya-liyane) uga mengaruhi level keamanan sing ditindakake.
- Credit Card Transaction Approval – every credit card company defines in its procedures the terms for approving a payment made with a card it issued.The credit card itself needs to be valid – a card with an expiration date in the future and one that had not been cancelled, as the case may be with cards that are lost or stolen. In addition, normally there is a limit amount, which payment in any amount exceeding it requires a special approval from the credit card company. In the past, the receiver of payment had to phone a call center of the credit card company and get their approval. These days, the approval is done automatically through computer communication.
- Declining a Credit Card – there are many reasons for not being able to pay with a specific credit card in different situations.When an attempt to pay with a credit card fails, usually there is a code displayed which indicates the reason for the decline. In systems with the greatest detail, there are about two hundred such codes. The most common reasons are errors in entering information, communication failures, the card is expired or cancelled (this might be a stolen credit card), a double transaction (payment was already received), an insufficient credit limit, not being able to spread the payment over such high number of installments and more.
- Akun Merchant - akun bank sing ngidini pihak sing nampa pembayaran kertu kredit. Biasane akun kasebut digunakake mung kanggo tujuan iki, lan yen sampeyan nampa pembayaran, iki minangka "akun bank virtual".
- Terminal Kertu Kredit - terminal kanggo ngresiki kertu kredit, piranti fisik ing kertu kredit sing wis disapu utawa dilebokake, diwartakake banjur bayarane ditindakake. Ing pambayaran online, jinis terminal iki ora digunakake, lan informasi kertu kredit dilebokake dening pembeli (utawa dipakani kanthi otomatis nalika panuku setuju bakal ngresiki kertu, kayata kanggo nganyari maneh langganan).
- PCI DSS - standar sing tujuane supaya pembayaran kanthi kertu kredit aman, lan kanggo nglindhungi risiko penipuan. Akronim kasebut asale saka jeneng lengkap standar - Standar Keamanan Data Industri Kertu Pembayaran. Standar kasebut ditetepake dening perusahaan kertu kredit utama, kalebu Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, JCB lan liya-liyane. Perusahaan-perusahaan kasebut bebarengan ngatur badan sing dikenal minangka PCI SSC (Dewan Standar Keamanan Industri Kertu Pembayaran) sing tanggung jawab nyusun, nganyari lan ngetrapake standar PCI DSS. Penyedia layanan kliring kudu netepi persyaratan standar lan ana macem-macem cara kanggo verifikasi; contone, auditor independen sing wis disertifikasi kanggo nindakake audit (Qualified Security Pentaksir - QSA) utawa auditor internal organisasi sing ngetokake laporan sing mbuktekake kepatuhan karo standar standar (Record Of Compliance - ROC).
Kredit mbusak keamanan ing e-commerce
- SSL - Lapisan Sockets Keamanan - teknologi sing ditrapake kanggo ngatur sambungan terenkripsi ing antarane server lan piranti lunak browser ing komputer. Teknologi iki digunakake kanggo ngirim data kertu kredit liwat Internet supaya bisa nggawe pembayaran tanpa wedi diselehake informasi kertu kanggo tujuan penipuan.
- Kaca Mbusak - kaca sing aman kanggo tujuan ngetik informasi kertu kredit kanggo ngresiki. Kaca kliring diwenehake dening perusahaan layanan kliring menyang klien, supaya katon liwat pangalihan saka situs web klien (biasane toko online utawa situs web sing adol layanan tartamtu).
- Fees - biaya ngresiki. Kaya sing diarepake, panggunaan kertu kredit mbutuhake pambayaran beya kanggo entitas sing ngidini operasine, yaiku perusahaan kertu kredit dhewe, penyedia layanan kliring lan bank-bank. Umume biaya sing dibutuhake kanggo mbayar kertu kredit dibayar menyang perusahaan kertu kredit. Kanggo saben pembayaran kertu kredit, perusahaan kertu kredit dikenani biaya panrima kanthi regane antara siji lan telung persen saka jumlah sing dibayar (gumantung karo perusahaan kertu kredit lan jumlah pembayaran). Biaya tambahan, kajaba komisi sing dikenani biaya dening perusahaan kertu kredit, dikenani biaya dening panyedhiya layanan kliring, biasane liwat biaya langganan tahunan + ragad sithik kanggo saben proses kliring, lan bank sing nyedhiyakake jinis akun Akun Merchant (minangka diterangake ing ndhuwur).
- Fee Chargeback - jinis "denda" sing dibayar menyang perusahaan kertu kredit dening wong-wong sing nampa pembayaran nganggo kertu kredit, nanging ing kasus manawa pemegang kertu ngubungi perusahaan kertu kredit, mbantah pambayaran kasebut lan entuk dhuwit maneh. Pembayaran penggantian dana kasebut minangka insentif kanggo njupuk kabeh langkah kanggo njamin kesahihan transaksi.
- Payment Gateway - layanan sing diwenehake kanggo bisnis kanthi mbusak panyedhiya layanan lan ngidini sampeyan nampa pembayaran kanthi kertu kredit. Kaya jenenge, iki minangka "gateway" sing mbukak informasi pambayaran, sawise diresiki, menyang perusahaan kertu kredit kanggo disetujoni. Sawise disetujoni, jumlah mbayar bakal ditransfer menyang akun bank panrima pembayaran (kurang saka komisi lan biaya sing kasebut ing ndhuwur).
- Penerbit Kertu Kredit - badan sing ngetokake kertu kredit; biasane bank sing nawakake macem-macem merek kertu kredit marang para pelanggan.
- Issuer Bank – the bank which issues the credit card. The bank extends a limited line of credit to the consumer, and shares liability with the payment receiver’s bank (where the Merchant Account is managed) in cases of fraud and reimbursement for money collected unlawfully from the cardholder’s account.
- Prosesor Pembayaran - perusahaan sing nyedhiyakake layanan kliring lan ngaktifake panrimo pembayaran kanthi kertu kredit. Penyedia layanan kliring ngatur platform sing dibutuhake kanthi nggawe sambungan antarane perusahaan kertu kredit lan akun bank sing nampa pembayaran.
- Nggarap API - akronim kanggo Aplikasi Programming Interface; iki minangka alat sing beda-beda sing mbantu nggawe piranti lunak. Sawetara API dirancang kanggo mbayar nganggo kertu kredit, kayata PayPal nawakake API Pembayaran Langsung sing ngidini mbusak kertu kredit liwat server PayPal.
- Pembayaran Mobile - nuduhake pembayaran sing digawe nggunakake sembarang tipe piranti seluler. Bayaran kaya ngono uga diarani Mobile Money utawa Mobile Wallet. Nggawe pembayaran kanthi nggunakake piranti seluler saya akeh; ing 2016 jinis pembayaran kasebut diproses ing saindenging jagad kanthi jumlah udakara 500 milyar dolar.
Mbusak kredit seluler
- ACH - Omah Mbusak Otomatis - jaringan elektronik ing AS sing ngidini nampa pambayaran siji-siji lan pembayaran bola-bali saka pelanggan. Iki minangka alternatif ekonomi kanggo panggunaan kertu kredit; sing mbayar menehi informasi lan wewenang sing bisa nyuda jumlah pambayaran saka rekening bank.
- Kumpulan - sawise nampa persetujuan saka perusahaan kertu kredit, tahap sabanjure transfer jumlah kasebut menyang akun bank panrima pembayaran. Bayaran kasebut ditransfer kanthi akeh, mula istilah "Batch" utawa "Batch Processing". Wiwit mbusak panyedhiya layanan ngisi komisi kanggo saben transfer dana saka akun perusahaan kredit menyang Akun Merchant, luwih becik nglumpukake lan nangani transaksi perusahaan kertu kredit tartamtu ing sawijining dina utawa sawetara saben dina.
- Currency Conversion – credit card payment often requires conversion of currencies, for example every time a payment is transferred from a bank account managed in a certain currency to an account managed in a different currency. The exchange rates used for the required currency conversion are set by the credit card company. Use a currency conversion app to help you.
Ngerti syarat-syarat kasebut bakal ngidini sampeyan ngerti babagan proses ngresiki layar nalika sampeyan milih mbusak panyedhiya layanan. Kanthi cara iki sampeyan bakal bisa ngerti kapan lan subjek apa sing kudu sampeyan tambahake, supaya sampeyan milih cara sing paling efektif kanggo nampa lan mbayar.
